Tri-square drawing board

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to new drawing board apparatus and drafting tools. A straight edge member slides within slots along the sides of a drawing board and is held in position selectively by magnets. The slideable member slides along the straight edge. A magnet holds this slideable member in position along the straight edge. A protractor is attached to the slideable member. An arm is rotated on the center of the protractor and held in place by magnets. Scales are provided on the drawing board, straight edge, and arms for measurement and drafting.

United States Patent [191 Rushin [111 3,826,006 [451 July 30, 1974 1 TRI-SQUARE DRAWING BOARD [76] Inventor: Eugene Rushin, 3988 Sheridan,

Detroit, Mich. 48214 [22] Filed: Sept. 18, 1973 21 Appl. No.: 398,307

Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 143,212, May 13,

1971, abandoned.

[52] [1.5. CI. 33/76 R, 33/80 [51] Int. Cl B431 13/02 [58] Field of Search 33/76, 80, 81, 99

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,383,492 7/1921 Seely 33/80 2,424,840 7/1947 Murphy. 33/80 2,511,654 6/1950 Spour 33/80 2,568,575 9/1951 Wickman 33/76 2,896,328 7/1959 Grady 33/80 3,137,072 6/1964 Terry 33/76 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 216,328 12/1956 Australia 33/80 900,519 10/1944 France 33/100 1,103,267 5/1955 France... 33/76 129,611 l/l929 Switzerland... 33/80 Primary Examiner-Harry N. Haroian Attorney, Agent, or FirmDavid A. Maxon [5 7] ABSTRACT This invention relates to new drawing board apparatus and drafting tools. A straight edge member slides within slots along the sides of a drawing board and is held in position selectively by magnets. The slideable member slides along the straight edge. A magnet holds this slideable member in position along the straight edge. A protractor is attached to the slideable mem ber. An arm is rotated on the center of the protractor and held in place by magnets. Scales are provided on the drawing board, straight edge, and arms for measurement and drafting.

6 Claims, 15 Drawing Figures PAIENTEB SHEET 1 0f 4 FIG. I

m 32 33 zz 42 FIG-2 FIG.4

FIG?) INVENTOR ATTORNEY Pmm mmamsn 3.826.006 smssr anr 4 RM mmJ ink PAIENIEB JUL30|974 3.826.006 SHEET HDF 4 TRI-SQUARE DRAWING BOARD This is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 143,212 filed May 13, 1971, now abandoned.

It has been a practice among draftsmen in the past to utilize various drafting components and measuring devices in the course of their work. When the various instruments and implements are not connected together in such a way as to provide a uniform and precise fixing and movement of these implements and instruments from one location to another, various problems arise. One of these problems is that when the drafting board is tilted, the draftsman must be careful to hold one or more of these implements in place while drawing or making measurements. Depending on the angle of tilt, he must hold with varying pressures. This provides an unnecessary strain during the process of drafting. Another problem that arises is that because of different coefficients of friction between different materials, the draftsman must be careful to move his instruments with different pressures in order to maintain uniform lines on his drawings. Another problem that arises when the various instruments and implements are not connected together is a predetermined manner so as to provide for uniform fixing and movement of the various implements, is a problem of parallax when unconnected instruments are used for measurement. This problem is particularly acute when several scales are placed in a parallel or nomograph fashion.

The above problems are substantially alleviated, if not eliminated, by the practice of this invention. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, a drafting board is provided with magnets on a straight edge. Male and female corresponding guide members provide a track for a straight-edge to move up and down on the drafting board. Ball bearings with slots to provide translation of the ball bearings reduce the friction between the straight-edge and the drawing board in an alternative embodiment. The electromagnets may be selectively energized to fix the straight-edge at any predetermined position. Male and female guide members provide a track for a member to slide across the straight-edge member. This slideable member is provided with rotatable means for holding an arm or drawing member. A protractor may also be fixed to a slideable member. When the drawing member or arm is rotated with respect to the slideable member, the angle of movement of the arm can be determined from the protractor. Scales are provided horizontally on the straight-edge member. Vertical scales are provided on the surface of the drawing board. Scales may also be provided on the arm member. A wheel concentric with the center of rotation of the arm member with respect to the slideable member is provided. This wheel may be selectively magnetized to hold a predetermined position.

It is the object of this invention to provide a uniform means of fixing and translating and rotating drafting implements from one location to another on a drafting board for the measurement of distances and directions and to assist the drawing thereof. It is another object of this invention to provide means for predetermining the upper limit of friction between drafting implements on the drawing board and means of uniformly overcoming such friction in order to provide more uniform and accurate drawings. These and other objects of this invention will appear in the following description and appended claims, referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification.

ON THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a partial top plan view of the preferred embodiment of this invention;

FIG. .2 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. I; and r FIG. 4 is a view of the apparatus shown in FIG. I.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of an alternative embodiment of this invention;

FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 taken along the lines 6-6 thereof;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a transverse sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 7 taken along the lines 8-8 thereof;

FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 10 is a top plan view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 11 is a top plan view of a portion of the appara-v tus shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 12 is a transverse sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 9 taken along the lines l212 thereof;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5 taken along the lines l3l3 thereof;

FIG. 14 is a partial transverse sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5; and

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in FIG. 14 taken along the lines 15-15 thereof.

FIG. 16 shows a drafting triangle useable with the projection 64 of FIG. 1.

Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details in construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various ways.

Also it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

AS SHOWN ON THE DRAWINGS In the preferred embodiment of this invention, there is a metal drawing board member 10. This drawing board member may be tilted at any angle with respect to a base (not shown). On the right hand side 12 of this drawing board member, are a plurality of scales 14. The surface 16 of the drawing board member 10 is any surface suitable for both the holding of drawing paper and sufficiently hard to allow drawing on the drawing paper when it rests on the surface. The surface 16 may be wooden. A

A straight-edge member 30 is provided to slide up and down the surface of the drafting board or drawing board. This straight-edge member has a transverse tab or projection 32 that fits into the slot 22. This tab or projection 32 may be regarded as a male component, and the slot 22 may be regarded as a female component of means for guiding the straight-edge member in a straight translational path up and down the drawing board and constraining the straight-edge from moving at an angle other than 90 with respect to the edge 12 of the drawing board.

The ball bearings 42 are placed in groove seats 44 in the male extending projection 32 of the straight-edge member. These ball bearings provide a uniform means of reducing the friction between the straight-edge member and the drawing board so that the force necessary to uniformly move the straight-edge from one position to another with respect to the drawing board can be predetermined.

The straight-edge member has slots 52 in its forward and rearward sides. These slots extend across the straight-edge member. They provide a track for translation of a slideable member 60 across the straight-edge member. Just as the sides of the drawing board with its slot 22 provides a track for a vertical translation of the straight edge member, the slots 52 in the straight edge member provide a track for horizontal translation of the slideable member 60 across the drawing board. The forward and rearward sides of the slideable member 60 have projections 62 which correspond with and fit into the slots 52. The projections 62 can be regarded as a male component, and the slots 52 may be regarded as the female components of guiding portions for the horizontal translation of the slideable member 60.

In an alternative embodiment of this invention, the guiding portions for the translation of the slideable member 60 can be provided with ball bearing seats, grooves, and ball bearings for the uniform reduction of friction between these members. However, the provision of this ball bearing means is not as necessary as such provision for the sliding of the straight-edge member with respect to the drawing board. The reason for this is that while the friction between the drawing board and the straight-edge member may vary substantially at various angles of tilting of the drawing board, this is not so true in the case of the friction between the straight edge and the sliding member 60 because the latter translate horizontally and not vertically. Consequently, the control of friction between the elements to provide uniform sliding is not as difficult.

In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the slideable member 60 has a projection 64 extending away from the straight-edge member 30 and towards the forward endof the drawing board member 10. A protractor 70 is rigidly secured to this projection 64. This can be done by means of bolts and wing nuts. The bottom surface 74 of the protractor 70 has a portion that rests on the top surface of the projection 64. The protractor has a center 76 for arcuate scale 78 laid out on the top of the protractor. A magnetic member 79 is secured underneath the projection 64.

Concentric with the center 76 of the protractor, and journaled to the projection 64 of the slideable member 60, is an arm 78. The journaling of the arm 78 to the projection 64 is accomplished by means of a bushing or bearing 80. The arm 78 has a portion 82 that traverses or rotates underneath the protractor 70 and has a thickness less than the thickness of the projection 64.

Another portion 84 of the arm 78 is thicker than the portion 82 and extends beyond the protractor 70. This arm or drawing member 78 may have scales on its top surface. It can be used in conjunction with the protractor to measure and draw lines and angles with respect to the center 76 of the protractor.

In the preferred embodiment of this invention, a circular disc or wheel 90 is journaled on the projection 64 of the slideable member 60, and is concentric with the journaling of the arm 78 and the center 76 of the protractor 70. The wheel 90 contains a permanent magnet forming lines of magnetic force with the magnetic member 79. The slideable member 60 is composed of ferrous or other magnetizable material. The magnetic field set up between the wheel 90 and the magnetic member 79 assist in providing a predetermined level of force that can be selectively overcome by the draftsman. This force helps to hold the arm 78 in a predetermined position and yet is small enough to allow selective movement from one location to another by the draftsman.

In the preferred embodiment of this invention, horizontal scales are provided on the top surface of the straight-edge member 30. An index in the form of a groove is provided on the slideable member to the scales. This index or groove 92 is in the line of sight with the center 76 of the protractor such that the line of sight is perpendicular to the straight-edge member. In this manner, the center of the protractor can be precisely located with minimum error due to parallax.

The straight-edge member 30 can be precisely located with respect to the scale 14 on the drawing board. Since the center of the protractor 76 can be precisely located with respect to scales on the straightedge member, and the extended portion 86 of the arm 78 can be moved to an angle that intercepts the scales 14, precise location of directions and distances can be measured and drawn with the above described apparatus. It can be appreciated that nomographs and nomographic calculations can be derived efficiently, expeditiously, and accurately with this invention.

In an alternative embodiment, the protractor and arm 78 and wheel 90 can be replaced with drafting triangles secured to the projection 64 and the slideable member 60. In this manner directions and distances can be efficiently mapped and drawn with projections at specified angles. For example, if it is desired to make a 30 projection from an orthographic set of projections, a 3060-90 triangle can be secured to the projection 64 on the slideable member 60, and the 30 projection can be made with precise measurement of distances.

In the preferred embodiment of this invention, the structure on the right hand side of the drawing board member and the straight edge member is duplicated on the left hand side of the drawing board member and straight edge member. Thus, there are male projectionfemale slot means for guiding the straight edge member along the drawing board; ball bearing means for reducing friction; and magnets for selectively controlling the movement or fixing of the straight edge on the drawing board on the left hand side as well as the right hand side of these members.

The male projection or tab 32 on the right hand side of the straight edge member, that fits into and cooperates with the female slot 22 in the right hand side of the drawing board member, is duplicated in mirror image fashion on the left hand side. The male tab or projection or tab on the right hand side, and the corresponding tab on the left hand side, both contain magnets 33 that cooperate with ferrous or other magnetizable material within the drawing board to hold the straight edge member at a selected position. In an alternative embodiment circuits (not shown) are contained within the drawing board to carry electrical energy to the electromagnets when a switch (not shown) is thrown by the draftsman. These circuits can be alternatively located below the drawing board rather than intregally within its, provided that they have shielded leads to the electromagncts in the board.

A magnet 61 is also provided in the slideable member 60 to help hold the slideable' member 60 in a selected position and yet be weak enough to move easily by hand to another selected position. This magnet 61 has magnetic force attractingit to the metal in the straight edge.

From the foregoing description of preferred and alternative embodiments of this invention, it can be appreciated that a plurality of drafting components can be constructed according to the teaching of this invention such that friction between them can be uniformly controlled, positions firmly held without undue strain on the draftsman, and accurate measurement and drawing of distances and directions can be readily obtained.

An additional alternative embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 5 through 15. In general, in this alternative embodiment of the invention, a cylindrical apparatus holding the straight-edge is shown as having ball bearings in a circular array around a horizontally displaced rod that is circular in its outside surface. ln addition, magnets are circularly arrayed around the rod in those members holding the straight-edge. A variation from the first preferred embodiment of the invention is exhibited in this alternative embodiment. This variation relates to means holding the protractor on a member connecting to the straight-edge. This additional means comprises a bushing and a circular array of ball bearings. Another variation relates to the fact that the protractor can slide horizontally on the straight-edge as can the rulers.

Referring directly to the drawings in FIGS. 5 through 15, the drawing apparatus is referred to generally as numeral 100. A knurled handle 102 is provided which is fixed to the top of the protractor rule 104 to allow easy grasping and manipulation. A ruler 106 is provided. This ruler slides up and down for making measurements. The ruler 106 is attached to an arm 108. The right side of the arm 108 can be used to indicate an angle with respect to the protractor 110 as will be described more fully below.

The assembly containing the protractor 110 and arm 108 is attached to an aluminum straight-edge 112.

The drawing board apparatus 100 comprises a central portion 114 and end portion assemblies 116, 118 located on the right and left hand sides of the central board portion 114 respectively. A straight-edge member 120 is provided on the aluminum straight-edge assembly 112. A Vernier scalecan be provided on the side of the ruler.

Rod portions 122, 124 are substantially right circular cylindrical rods located on the left and right hand extremities of the left and right hand portions 116 and 118 of the board 100 respectively.

A notch 126 is provided in the arm 108 of the protractor in meeting the angular measurements graduated along the edge of the surface of the protractor 110. This portion of the protractor indicated at numeral 128 is the top portion of the protractor 110. An aperture 130 of an indicator member for determining straight edge measurements from the ruler is provided.

The arm of the protractor slides with respect to the straight-edge, or the ruler of the straight-edge, from an inner magnet to the straight-edge.-

The straight-edge indicator member 132 is connected to the protractor, and points out measurements on the scales on the straight-edge. A male projecting flange 134 extends upwardly and outwardly from a protractor containing member and is designed to engage a surface of the straight-edge for sliding thereon.

A projection of the protractor carrying member projects into a corresponding female portion of the straight-edge for sliding therewithin in a horizontal direction.

A metal portion 138 of the protractor carrying portion has an arc portion that engages a wheel. The wheel rotates with respect to the portion 138 and portion 138 has an outer arc portion that corresponds to a corresponding inner arc of the protractor portion 140.

A space 142 within the portion 138, 146, wherein the movement of the protractor projecting arc portion 128 is confined. A flange is provided in the central part of the downward exterior portion of the ruler that acts as a male member in projecting in a corresponding female bevel within the straight-edge for sliding engagement therewith. A bottom portion 152 of a three part portion of the protractor is provided. This bottom portion 152 is on the bottom surface of this three part portion.

A magnet 154 is located on the protractor which attracts to corresponding portions of the protractor. A female part 156 is located on the upper part of the sliding ruler.

The end 158 of the ruler is located in the inner cylinder magnets. The cylinder block itself is designated by numeral 160 which is attached to the straight-edge. The female receiving portion of the ruler is designated by numeral 162. The corresponding male part of the protractor bearing portion is provided at numeral 164.

A wheel 166 is provided on the arm of the protractor. A bushing 168 is provided radially inward and concentric with the wheel 166. Ball bearings 170 are provided radially inward of a race 172 for the ball bearings. A connector 174 connects the upper and lower part of the protractor and the arm of the protractor in a corresponding coaxial rotational engagement. A fastener 176 holds the upper and lower part of the protractor carrying member together.

A strip of metal 178 is fixed to the straight-edge and is attracted by a magnet 180 on the indicator or protractor carrying portions. Female receiving portions 182 and 184 are carried on the straight-edge for receiving portions of the indicator or protractor carrying portions. Ball bearings 186 are carried within the housings 160 for sliding engagement with the rods 122.

it can be appreciated from the foregoing description of the alternative embodiment of the invention that a drafting apparatus has been provided that has a plurality of ball bearings and magnetic arrangements whereby an optimum precision can be achieved in utilizing the apparatus for drafting in holding the appro-.

priate draft instruments in the correct position for drawing and also providing relative ease in moving such instruments to a different location in an efficient manner to expedite drawings made with this apparatus.

I claim: 1. In drafting apparatus, the improvements comprising:

a metal drafting board having a slot on its edge;

a straight-edge having a projection extending into said slot;

magnets fixed in said projection forming lines of magnetic force with said metal drafting board;

ball bearings seated in said projection and rolling in said slots;

a member slideable along said straight-edge;

a plurality of parallel scales on said drawing board and said straight-edge;

and means attached to said member for drafting on said board and making arithmetic and nomographic calculations with said scales;

said slideable member having a projection extending from said straight-edge and spaced at a distance from said board;

a protractor fixed on top of said projection;

a magnetic entity secured underneath said projection;

a wheel of magnetic material journaled on said projection;

an arm extending from said wheel between said protractor and said entity;

and scales on said arm and said protractor.

2. The apparatus in claim 1 and a plurality of scales on said member.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said straightedge has a sloping projection extending downward toward the board and said member has an indexing groove denoting position on said sloping projection.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 and grooves in said straight-edge, and projections on said slideable member sliding in said grooves.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 and ball bearings seated in said slideable member and rolling in the grooves of said straight-edge.

6. ln drafting apparatus, the improvements comprismg:

' a drafting board having a central planar portion and right and left hand corresponding portions attached to the central portion and having top planar surfaces co-planar with the top surface of said central portion;

rod-like portions on each of said end portions having grooves extending along the transverse length thereof;

a straight-edge member having bearing and magnet housings on the right and left hand sides thereof; said bearing and magnet housings on said straightedge having central axis corresponding with the central axis of said rods and surrounding said rods and having ball bearing portions engaging the grooves in said rods and having magnetic portions being attracted to the metal in said rods whereby said straight-edge is operable to translate with respect to said rods within a plane parallel to the plane of the top surface of said drafting board;

a plurality of scales on said straight-edge member;

a protractor carrying member operable to slide and engage the edges of said straight-edge member in corresponding male-female relationship;

a magnet located on said protractor carrying member operable to exert magnetic lines of force for attraction to metal within said straight-edge member;

a protractor member fixed on said protractor carrying member;

an arm journaled on the center of said protractor member by means of ball bearings;

said arm carrying a scale;

an arc-like scale on the external edges of a semicircular portion of said protractor;

said scale on said arm operable to intercept the exterior edge of said protractor member;

an additional scale on said protractor member in parallel with the aforesaid scale on said straight-edge member and arranged with respect thereto to provide Vernier-like computations with respect to the aforesaid scale on said straight-edge member;

said magnets being permanent magnets and exerting magnetic force with respect to adjacent metal sufficient to hold one part of the aforesaid apparatus with respect to another up to a predetermined threshold of force for overcoming said magnetic force and being inoperable to hold above that predetermined threshhold. 

1. In drafting apparatus, the improvements comprising: a metal drafting board having a slot on its edge; a straight-edge having a projection extending into said slot; magnets fixed in said projection forming lines of magnetic force with said metal drafting board; ball bearings seated in said projection and rolling in said slots; a member slideable along said straight-edge; a plurality of parallel scales on said drawing board and said straight-edge; and means attached to said member for drafting on said board and making arithmetic and nomographic calculations with said scales; said slideable member having a projection extending from said straight-edge and spaced at a distance from said board; a protractor fixed on top of said projection; a magnetic entity secured underneath said projection; a wheel of magnetic material journaled on said projection; an arm extending from said wheel between said protractor and said entity; and scales on said arm and said protractor.
 2. The apparatus in claim 1 and a plurality of scales on said member.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said straight-edge has a sloping projection extending downward toward the board and said member has an indexing groove denoting position on said sloping projection.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 and grooves in said straight-edge, and projections on said slideable member sliding in said grooves.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4 and ball bearings seated in said slideable member and rolling in the grooves of said straight-edge.
 6. In drafting apparatus, the improvements comprising: a drafting board having a central planar portion and right and left hand corresponding portions attached to the central portion and having top planar surfaces co-planar with the top surface of said central portion; rod-like portions on each of said end portions having grooves extending along the transverse length thereof; a straight-edge member having bearing and magnet housings on the right and left hand sides thereof; said bearing and magnet housings on said straight-edge having central axis corresponding with the central axis of said rods and surrounding said rods and having ball bearing portions engaging the grooves in said rods and having magnetic portions being attracted to the metal in said rods whereby said straight-edge is operable to translate with respect to said rods within a plane parallel to the plane of the top surface of said drafting board; a plurality of scales on said straight-edge member; a protractor carrying member operable to sliDe and engage the edges of said straight-edge member in corresponding male-female relationship; a magnet located on said protractor carrying member operable to exert magnetic lines of force for attraction to metal within said straight-edge member; a protractor member fixed on said protractor carrying member; an arm journaled on the center of said protractor member by means of ball bearings; said arm carrying a scale; an arc-like scale on the external edges of a semicircular portion of said protractor; said scale on said arm operable to intercept the exterior edge of said protractor member; an additional scale on said protractor member in parallel with the aforesaid scale on said straight-edge member and arranged with respect thereto to provide Vernier-like computations with respect to the aforesaid scale on said straight-edge member; said magnets being permanent magnets and exerting magnetic force with respect to adjacent metal sufficient to hold one part of the aforesaid apparatus with respect to another up to a predetermined threshold of force for overcoming said magnetic force and being inoperable to hold above that predetermined threshhold. 